Tuesday, March 23, 2004

George Creel-
Eugene Debs-
Bernard Baruch-
Herbert Hoover-
Alice Paul-
Henry Cabot Lodge-
Warren Harding-
James M. Cox-
Collective security-
Zimmerman note-
Fourteen points- Woodrow Wilson designed to establish the basis for a just and lasting peace following the victory of the Allies in World War I. The 14 proposals were contained in his address to a joint session of the U.S. Congress on January 8, 1918; it was widely acclaimed and gave Wilson a position of moral leadership among the Allied leaders.
League of Nations- international alliance for the preservation of peace, which was given the responsibility for executing the terms of the various treaties negotiated after World War I; The league existed from 1920 to 1946
CPI-
Espionage and Sedition Acts-
Schneck v. U.S.-
IWW- industrial workers of the world; aka Wobblies; radical labor organization; staged some of the most damaging industrial sabotage
WIB-
19th Amendment- gave women the vote
18th Amendment- prohibited “the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors
Bolsheviks- the dominant group in the Russian revolutionary movement.
Doughboys- the American soldier in WWI
Big Four- United States, France, Britain, and Italy
Irreconcilables- Republicans who favored isolation; spurned the Treaty of Versailles
Treaty of Versailles- peace treaty signed at the end of World War I between Germany and the Allies; negotiated at the Paris Peace Conference held in Versailles beginning January 18, 1919. Represented: U.S., Great Britain, France, and Italy. Included in the first section of the treaty was the Covenant of the League of Nations; signed on June 28, 1919; U.S. didn’t ratify the treaty


Mitchell Palmer- attorney who “saw red too easily”; aka “Fighting Quaker”; rounded up 6,000 “communist” suspects;
Al Capone- 1925; “Scarface”; a murderous booze distributor began 6 years of gang warfare that netted him millions of dollars; “Public Enemy #1”; spent 11 years in prison for income-tax evasion
John Dewey- a professor at Columbia University from 1904-1930; he set forth the principles of “learning by doing” that formed foundation of progressive education
William Jennings Bryan- Presbyterian Fundamentalist
Clarence Darrow- criminal lawyer who reduced Bryan down to nothing days before his death due from a stroke
Andrew Mellon-
Henry Ford- Ford automobiles; used assembly line techniques to make cars cheaper
Fredrick W. Taylor-
Charles Lindbergh- 1927; flew the 1st solo west-to-east trip over the Atlantic; NY to Paris in 33 hrs and 39 minutes
Margaret Sanger- feminist who fought for the use of contraceptives
Sigmund Freud-
F. Scott Fitzgerald- Minnesota-born Princetonian (24yrs old) became popular after he published This Side of Paradise in 1920; and The Great Gatsby in 1925; favored by the upcoming generation (including flappers)
Ernest Hemingway- seen war on the Italian front in 1917, was among the writers most affected by war;
Sinclair Lewis-
William Faulkner-
Nativist- blue-eyed and fair haired northern Europeans were of better blood and constituted those who were deemed “true Americans”
Red Scare- 1919-1920; hysterical fears of Russia and the communist Bolshevik revolution; tension in America when a small communist party arose and an epidemic of strikes freaked people out as they thought communists were taking over; used by business against unions
Sacco and Vanzetti- a shoe-factory worker and fish peddler convicted in 1921 of the murder of a Mass. Paymaster and guard; judge and jury were prejudiced against them b/c they were Italian, atheist, anarchists, and draft dodgers; 6 years later the case closed and the men were electrocuted
KKK- second clan; postwar reaction; antiforeign, anti-Catholic, anti-Jewish, antiblack, antipacifist, anti-Communist, anti-internationalist, antievolutionist, antibootlegger, antigambling, antiadultery, and anti-birth control; pro Anglo-Saxon, pro-“native” American, and pro-Protestant
Emergency Quota Act- 1921; passed by Congress to slow the onslaught of new immigrants from Europe; newcomers from Europe were restricted in any given year to a definite quota, which was set at 3% of the people of their nationality who had been living in the U.S. in 1910. Relatively favorable for southern and eastern Europeans who had already arrived in large waves to America before 1910.
Immigration Quota Act- 1924; quotas were cut from 3% to 2%, and the national-origins base was shifted from the census of 1910 to that of 1890 when comparatively few southern Europeans had immigrated; no Japanese immigrants allowed at all
Volstead Act- national prohibition act; 1919; went hand-in-hand with 18th amendment
Fundamentalism- conservative movement among Protestants in the U.S.; emphasized as absolutely basic to Christianity the following beliefs: the infallibility of the Bible, the virgin birth and the divinity of Jesus Christ, the sacrifice of Christ on the cross as atonement for the sins of all people, the physical resurrection and second coming of Christ, and the bodily resurrection of believers.
Modernists-
Flappers- young woman who embraced the radical new clothing fashions. Flappers wore short dresses that were straight up and down.


Warren G. Harding- inaugurated 1921; unable to detect moral halitosis; perfect “front” for enterprising industrialists; helped improve laissez-faire;
Charles Evans Hughes- brought to the secretary of state a dominating and somewhat conservative leadership; secured oil companies in Middle East
Andrew Mellon- secretary of the Treasury; multimillionaire collector of the paintings now displayed in Washington
Herbert Hoover- secretary of commerce; raised his second-rate cabinet post to first-rate importance; drummed up foreign trade for U.S. manufacturers; urged businesses to regulate themselves rather than having the government do it
Albert B. Fall- senator of New Mexico; scheming anticonservatist; appointed to secretary of the interior; guardian of nations natural resources (like a wolf hired to guard sheep)
Harry M Daugherty- small-town lawyer but a big-time crook of the Ohio Gang was supposed to prosecute wrongdoers as attorney general
Charles R. Forbes- Colonel; head of the Veterans Bureau; he and his accomplices looted the government $200 million in connection w/ building veterans’ hospitals; 2 years in jail
Calvin Coolidge- president after the death of Harding; big-industry sympathy like Harding;
John W. Davis- Democratic candidate for the presidency against Republican Coolidge in 1924; wealthy corporation owner connected with the Wall Street banking house of J.P. Morgan and Company
Robert La Follette- liberal candidate for presidency against Coolidge and Davis; Senator from Wisconsin; sprang up to lead a new Progressive grouping; backed by AF of L and decreasing Socialist party; ESPECIALLY price pinched farmers
Alfred E. Smith- Democrat candidate against Herbert Hoover in the 1928 election; four-time governor of New York; had several fatal political handicaps (like alcoholism) when most of America was still following prohibition;
“Ohio Gang”- poker-playing, shirt-sleeved cronies of President Harding
trade associations-
American Legion- founded in Paris in 1919 by TR Jr., veteran group; met periodically to renew old hardships and let off steam in good-natured horseplay; notorious for its aggressive lobbying of veteran benefits
Washington Conference- focused on disarmament; 1921-1922; invites went out to all major naval powers except Bolshevik Russia; also touched on situations in the Far East; helped open the Open Door policy in China
Kellog-Briand Pact- Calvin’s secretary of state Kellog signed w/ the French foreign minister in 1928; was a treaty between the United States and other nations "providing for the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy".
Teapot Dome scandal- an affair that involved priceless naval oil reserves in Wyoming and California; 1921; secretary of interior Fall induced a careless colleague (the secretary of the navy) to transfer the properties to the Interior Department; he then leased the land to oilmen.
Fordney-McCumber Tariff- 1922; passed by Congress; duties on farm produce were increased; proclaimed general rates were designed to equalize the cost of American and foreign production
McNary-Haugen Bill- 1924-1928; sought to keep agricultural prices high by authorizing the government to buy up surpluses and sell them abroad; vetoed by Coolidge
Dawes Plan- 1924; rescheduled German reparations payments and opened the way for further American private loans to Germany
Agricultural Marketing Act- passed in June 1929; designed to help farmers help themselves; set up a Federal Farm Board which had .5 billion dollars at its disposal;
Hawley-Smoot Tariff- 1930; was designed to be a reasonable protective measure to help farmers, but by the time it was passed the Senate, it had tons of amendments, becoming the nations highest protective tariff in U.S. history
Black Friday-
Muscle Shoals Bill-
Reconstruction Finance-
Corporation-
Bonus Army-could expand and relax under Harding and laissez-faire;
Stimson Doctrine-



~me~ at 6:59 AM